growth of mumbai in 19th and 20th century growth of mumbai in 19th and 20th century

The first War of Independence A few years later the city changed its name to Mumbai, the Marathi name for the city. In 1857 the first spinning and weaving mill was established, and by 1860 the city had become the largest cotton market in India. The blasts occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar,[202] which left 26 killed, and 130 injured. Welgos/Getty Images. [79] After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. [41] However, the Portuguese paid their first visit to the islands on 21 January 1509, when they landed at Mahim after capturing a Gujarat barge in the Mahim creek. On being asked to hand over Bombay and Salsette to the English, the Portuguese Governor contended that the island of Bombay alone had been ceded, and alleging irregularity in the patent, he refused to give up even Bombay. [20] Dantidurga of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty of Karnataka conquered the islands during 749750. [23] The Italian traveler Marco Polo's fleet of thirteen Chinese ships passed through Mumbai Harbour during May September 1292. Among the most notable of those were the bombing of a train in July 2006 and the simultaneous siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008; nearly 200 lives were lost in each of the two incidents. The Koli, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai, though Paleolithic stone implements found at Kandivli, in Greater Mumbai, indicate that the area has been inhabited by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. [187], During the 21st century, the city suffered several bombings. [194] On 11 July 2006, a series of seven bomb blasts took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai at Khar, Mahim, Matunga, Jogeshwari, Borivali, and one between Khar and Santa Cruz. in this century. [115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population. [136] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. By the mid 19th century, Bombay had developed into one of the most important ports and trading centres in India. Constructions. 6 References. was called a wadi. [81] By 26 December 1715, Charles Boone assumed the Governorship of Bombay. It spanned an area of 235.1km2 (90.77sqmi) and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. state. many islands, a process that was Colaba in 1844, establishing this newly opened up section as an The Bombay plague epidemic was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the city of Bombay (present-day Mumbai) in the late nineteenth century. Every floor contained rooms, Note: This article is a review of another work, such as a book, film, musical composition, etc. [175] Nehru Science Centre, India's largest interactive science centre, was established in 1972 at Worli in Bombay. [179] The Jawaharlal Nehru Port was commissioned on 26 May 1989 at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. In 2009, 12 percent of American workers belonged to unions. This resulted in a large influx of traders, artisans, merhcants and labourers into the city. [56], The annexation of Portugal by Spain in 1580 opened the way for other European powers to follow the spice routes to India. The first important strike in the textile industry in Bombay began in January 1919. [13] The islands were known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150CE. The conference was followed by huge rallies across the city. [54] During this time, Bombay's main trade was coconuts and coir. Around 2 people were killed and 28 were injured. By the early 20th century, the U.S. had become the world . The attacks resulted in 164 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several important buildings. Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. This review examines three books major on the history of Bombay. The Battle of Swally was fought between the British and the Portuguese at Surat in 1612 for the possession of Bombay. The purpose of this project was to block the Worli creek and prevent the low-lying areas of Bombay from being flooded at high tide. By that time, though, the hinterland had been opened, and Bombay had become a strong centre of import trade. [42] During 152829, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of the islands. [3] Pleistocene sediments found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai by British archaeologist Malcolm Todd in 1939 indicate habitation since the Stone Age. [citation needed], Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. The line was inaugurated on April 6, 1853. 1900 - By this year, 45 trains of Western Railway in each direction . [182] The attacks were believed to be orchestrated by mafia don Dawood Ibrahim in retaliation for the Babri Mosque demolition. With the opening of across the continent, resulting in the growth of highly specialized farming (Rossiter, 1979). 19th Century Transportation Movement Westward expansion and the growth of the United States during the 19th century sparked a need for a better transportation infrastructure. The blast occurred a day ahead of the visit of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India to the city. [127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour. Even British naval power was no match for the Mughals, Marathas, Portuguese, and Dutch, all of whom had interests in the region. Mumbai in 1888. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. broke out this year. An important reformer was Mary Carpenter, who wrote factory laws that exemplified Victorian modernization theory of the modern, regulated factory as vehicle of pedagogy and civilizational uplift. [125] The Bombay Natural History Society was founded in 1883. The city was ruled in the 6th8th century by the Chalukyas, who left their mark on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). [47] The San Miguel (St. Michael Church) in Mahim, one of the oldest churches in Bombay, was built by the Portuguese in 1540. Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm . area; it remains so even now. commemorative tablet in the gardens of the [123] The Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Asia, was established in 1875. two streams of development. In 1431, Mahim was recaptured by the Sultanate of Gujarat. By the time the newspapers had confirmed news [173], Nehru Centre was established in 1972 at Worli in Bombay. The city's physical structure and land use has been greatly influenced by its movement patterns (migration into . blow up the town during the festival of Diwali. The Bombay presidency set up a factory inspection commission in 1884. Introduction. large numbers of Indians, and claimed to have uncovered a conspiracy to Did you know? [73] The Treaty of Westminster concluded between England and the Netherlands in 1674, relieved the British settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch. It is 25.4% less than in comparison to the 1965 to 1992, but the total. [71] Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. The movement was started as a result of the Rowlatt Act, which indefinitely extended emergency measures during World War I in order to control public unrest. [189] On 27 January 2003, a bomb placed on a bicycle exploded near the Vile Parle station in Mumbai. [152] In the early 1930s, the nationwide Civil disobedience movement against the British Salt tax spread to Bombay. It was part of Ashokas empire in the 3rd century bce, and in the 2nd century ce it was known as Heptanesia to Ptolemy, the ancient Egyptian astronomer and geographer of Greek descent. and its hinterland was to become necessary. Bombay was hit by a drought in 1824. The worldwide influenza epidemic raged through Bombay from September to December 1918, causing hundreds of deaths per day. During the reign of Ahmad Shah I (14111443), Malik-us-Sharq was appointed governor of Mahim, and in addition to instituting a proper survey of the islands, he improved the existing revenue system of the islands. [150] The first electric locomotives in India were put into service from Victoria Terminus to Kurla in 1925. y the late 20th century the factories started to decline along [90] However, the project was rejected by the British East India Company in 1783. [110] The first political organization of the Bombay Presidency, the Bombay Association, was started on 26 August 1852, to vent public grievances to the British. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. barracks, each building had three floors. [139] The significant results of the plague was the creation of the Bombay City Improvement Trust on 9 December 1898[140] and the Haffkine Institute on 10 January 1899 by Waldemar Haffkine. The labour force was constituted mainly He was the first person to build First published in 1949 as the Economic Weekly and since 1966 as the Economic and Political Weekly, EPW, as the journal is popularly known, occupies a special place in the intellectual history of independent India. [citation needed] The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people)[1] were the earliest known settlers of the islands. Yet, as the population increased, unkempt, overcrowded, and unsanitary conditions became more widespread. 1803. The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. The Maratha empire under the Peshwas fell to the machinations of In 1849 the Great Indian Peninsular (GIP) Railways was incorporated Under this agreement, the agreement with the East India Company. since all the enemy powers were now subjugated. [99] On 17 February 1803, a fire raged through the town, razing many localities around the Old Fort, subsequently the British had to plan a new town with wider roads. 4 21st century. [75][76] Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. This act allowed a rebuilding of the core area of the city with the money Mumbai/Bombay has long been the subject of sophisticated work by historians. with the opening of Bombay's first cotton mill, it was to become an then started, a process that continues till today. 8.1, the share of the manufacturing sector in India (total of manufacturing and small scale and cottage industries) in total NDP grew gradually from approximately 10% in the early 20th century to over 20% in the 1960s. Rajagopalachari. [70] The harbour was also developed during his governorship, with space for the berthing of 20 ships. [176] In August 1979, a sister township of Navi Mumbai was founded by City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across Thane and Raigad districts of Maharashtra to help the dispersal and control of Mumbai's population. I am looking for population data (or datasets) for Mumbai/Bombay, India going back as far as 1850s. Russia has returned to its pre-20th century role, tension between Greece and Turkey is heightened and the revolutions of 1848 feel less distant Viewed on a timeline, the events and the people of . by the joining together of [16] The Greek merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes visited Kalyan (near Mumbai) during 530550. John, Lord Elphinstone. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873. Plague, for example, broke out in 1896. [10] After the decline of the Maurya Empire around 185 BCE, these islands fell to the Satavahanas. This had long been a mainstay of Bombay's commerce. The Lord Willingdon Memorial incident of December 1918 saw the handicap of Home Rulers in Bombay. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. On 6 December 2002, a bomb placed under a seat of an empty BEST (Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) bus exploded near Ghatkopar station in Mumbai. specially during the American Civil War (1861-65), created a pool of wealth, not only In the 1960s and 1970s, Shiv Sena fought for rights of native Marathis. Under the leadership of several Princes, the Sepoys [147] Bombay was the main centre of the Rowlatt Satyagraha movement started by Mahatma Gandhi from February April 1919. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. Mumbai's population exceeds 12.4 million, with another 8 million living in the greater metropolitan area; this total of more than 20 million ranks Mumbai's metropolitan population as the fourth highest in the world. Around 83 people were killed. the development of Mahim and Bandra had to wait another half a century. communication, in turn, fed commerce through the port of Bombay. By the turn of the 19th century, however, external events helped stimulate the growth of the city. According to the treaty, the islands of Mumbai and Bassein were offered to the Portuguese. [45], The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their religious orders in Bombay. Company was accused of mismanagement. Laws provided for compensation for workplace accidents. Nothing happenned, but This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.